(1) Copper and aluminum rod (wire) materials.

When other conditions are the same, the tensile force of drawing copper wire is larger than drawing aluminum wire, and drawing aluminum wire is easy to break, so a larger safety factor should be used when drawing aluminum wire.

(2) The tensile strength of the material.

There are many factors in the tensile strength of the material, such as the chemical composition of the material and the calendering process. The higher the tensile strength, the higher the tensile force.

(3) Deformation degree.

The greater the degree of deformation, the longer the length of the deformed section of the die hole, thus increasing the positive pressure of the die hole against the line, the frictional force also increases, and the tensile force also increases.
(4) The coefficient of friction between the wire and the die hole. The greater the coefficient of friction, the greater the tensile force. The coefficient of friction is determined by the finish of the wire and die material, and the composition and quantity of the lubricating fluid.

(5) The size and shape of the working area and sizing area of the line die hole.

The larger the sizing zone, the greater the tensile force.

(6) The position of the wire die .

Improper placement of the wire die or skewed die base will also increase the tensile force. Also the wire diameter and surface quality are not up to standard.

(7) External factors.

The wire is not straight, the jitter of the wire during the pulling process, and the resistance of the wire will increase the tensile force.